Dsilva M, Leibowitz D, Flaherty JP "Seizure associated with zidovudine." Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents "Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents Living with HIV. Lancet 346 (1995): 45234. Ann Neurol 29 (1991): 606-1448. Till M, Kochvar G, Murphy R, Phair J "Myopathy associated with zidovudine use in HIV-1 infection." Tadini G, D'Orso M, Cusini M, et al "Oral mucosa pigmentation: a new side effect of azidothymidine therapy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." O 09. Muscle biopsy has shown atrophic and sometimes necrotic fibers, ragged-red fibers, and large accumulations of mitochondrial and fibrillar sarcoplasmic inclusions.Myopathy and myositis with pathological changes, similar to that produced by HIV-1 disease, have been associated with prolonged use of this drug.Bluish or brownish-black discoloration of nails has developed during the first month or 2 of therapy and usually disappeared within 2 months if the drug was discontinued. Torres RA, Lin RY, Lee M, Barr MR "Zidovudine-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis." Ann Intern Med 112 (1990): 65-635. Ann Intern Med 112 (1990): 145-662. "Exploratory study comparing the metabolic toxicities of a lopinavir/ritonavir plus saquinavir dual protease inhibitor regimen versus a lopinavir/ritonavir plus zidovudine/lamivudine nucleoside regimen." Dose reduction has not affected the course of myopathy, although drug discontinuation sometimes resulted in improvement of symptoms, generally within a month. Shapiro RL, Thior I, Gilbert PB, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 98 (1996): 234-567. Scadden DT, Bering HA, Levine JD, et al "Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mitigates the neutropenia of combined interferon alfa and zidovudine treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma." "Drugs and dilated cardiomyopathies: a case/noncase study in the French PharmacoVigilance Database." He coordinates the Alfred ICU’s education and simulation programmes and runs the unit’s education website, His one great achievement is being the father of two amazing children. It may be used to prevent mother-to-child spread during birth or after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure. AIDS 12 (1998): 1735-445. He has completed fellowship training in both intensive care medicine and emergency medicine, as well as post-graduate training in biochemistry, clinical toxicology, clinical epidemiology, and health professional education.He is actively involved in in using translational simulation to improve patient care and the design of processes and systems at Alfred Health. Blood 12 (1991): 3148-5417. Mhiri C, Baudrimont M, Bonne G, et al "Zidovudine myopathy: a distinctive disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction." J Am Acad Dermatol 16 (1990): 687-857. Chen SC, Barker SM, Mitchell DH, et al "Concurrent zidovudine-induced myopathy and hepatoxicity in patients treated for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection." How does verapamil cause cardiovascular toxicity?Verapamil is a calcium-channel blocker – it binds the alpha-1 subunit of L-type calcium channels, preventing the intracellular influx of calcium. Since then, in addition to animal studies, there have been about 70 cases reporting the beneficial use of HIET in humans, with an overall survival rate of 85%. Am J Med 86 (1989): 469-7064. Inhaltsverzeichnis. Hematologic toxicity is causally related to zidovudine therapy, being directly related to dosage and duration of therapy with the drug, and has been reported most frequently in patients with advanced symptomatic HIV infection or low pretreatment hemoglobin concentrations, neutrophil counts, and helper/inducer (CD4+, T4+) T-cell counts. HIET (high-dose insulin euglycemic therapy) was first used to treat verapamil toxicity in humans in 1993, with a favourable outcome. Br J Clin Pharmacol 69 (2010): 287-9465. Lancet 337 (1991): 508-1151. The most common side effects reported during pediatric clinical trials were fever and cough. Arch Dermatol 127 (1991): 267-863. J Antimicrob Chemother 58 (2006): 637-4425. Barnett JH, Gilson I "Zidovudine-related thrombocytopenia simulating rapid growth of Kaposi's sarcoma." AIDS 20 (2006): 1281-128831. J Clin Oncol 9 (1991): 802-814. Cooper DA, Pedersen C, Auiti F, et al "The efficacy and safety of zidovudine with or without acyclovir in the treatment of patients with AIDS-related complex." Is there any role for decontamination in this case?Q6. Peters BS, Winer J, Landon DN, Stotter A, Pinching AJ "Mitochondrial myopathy associated with chronic zidovudine therapy in AIDS." Acosta BS, Grimsley EW "Zidovudine-associated type B lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis in an HIV-infected patient."