Brain Res 191:284–288Walker JM, Sandman CA, Berntson GG, McGivern RF, Coy DH, Kastin AJ (1977) Endorphin analogs with potent and long-lasting analgesic effects. Yohimbine pretreatment (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) Peptides 1:23–30Yaksh TL, Reddy SVR (1981) Studies in the primate on the analgetic effects associated with intrathecal actions of opiates, α-adrenergic agonists and baclofen. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of adding clonidine, promethazine, chlorpromazine, and midazolam to morphine in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in orthopedic patients with addiction problems. 2009;83(1):45-58. doi: 10.1159/000178812. Biological and psychological perspectives. Tail-flick latencies (TFL) were obtained at 30 and 15 min before intraperitoneal injection of either morphine (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) clonidine (25, 50, 100 and 200 microgram/kg), chlorpromazine (CPZ, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg), dual injections of these drug combinations, or a saline control injection. Ann NY Acad Sci 281:50–63Fielding S, Wilker J, Hynes M, Szewczak M, Novick WJ, Lal H (1978) A comparison of clonidine with morphine for antinociceptive and antiwithdrawal actions. J Neural Transm 51:213–222Malec D, Grabowska E, Langwinski R (1978) Central action of narcotic analgesics. Epub 2011 Dec 8.Gulati A, Bhalla S, Matwyshyn G, Zhang Z, Andurkar SV.Pharmacology. Psychiat Res 2:167–172Lipman JJ, Spencer PSJ (1980) A comparison of muscarinic cholinergic involvement in the antin ociceptive effects of morphine and clonidine in the mouse. Both chlorpromazine and clonidine can increase the risk of hypotension. 1995 Dec;122(3):301-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02246552.Caggiula AR, Epstein LH, Antelman SM, Saylor S, Knopf S, Perkins KA, Stiller R.Psychopharmacology (Berl). Subscription will auto renew annually.Anden NE, Grabowska-Anden M (1980) Contributions of α-adrenoceptor blockade to extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptic drugs. You can also search for this author in Unable to load your delegates due to an errorNeuropharmacology. Life Sci 28:2737–2742Mayer DJ, Hayes RL (1975) Stimulation-produced analgesia: Development of tolerance and cross-tolerance to morphine. Intravenous administration of clonidine and chlorpromazine resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the amplitude of reflexly evoked electrodermal responses in intact and spinal cats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 7:543–548Walker JM, Akil H, Watson SJ (1980) Evidence for homologous actions of pro-opiocortin products. It has also been used to treat bipolar disorder. Further TFL measures were taken immediately following drug administration and thereafter at 15 min intervals. It was developed in 1950. Science 209:394–396van Praag HM, Dols LCW, Schut T (1975) Biochemical versus psychopathological action profile of neuroleptics: A comparative study of chlorpromazine and oxypertine in acute psychotic disorders. Tail-flick latencies (TFL) were obtained at 30 and 15 min before intraperitoneal injection of either morphine (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) clonidine (25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg), chlorpromazine (CPZ, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg), dual injections of these drug combinations, or a saline control injection. Seventy-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were tested in a hot-water (55 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees C) tail-flick paradigm. The mean of the pre-drug TFL's served as each rat's baseline. In: Usdin E (ed) Schizophrenia. It is particularly interesting that the clonidine-CPZ combination should result in TFL's similar to baseline levels, even though both drugs are sedatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 213:525–533Satoh M, Akaike A, Nakazawa T, Takagi H (1980) Evidence for involvement of separate mechanisms in the production of analgesia by electrical stimulation of the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis and nucleus raphe magnus in the rat. Arch Pharmacol 313:139–144Jacquet YF, Lajtha A (1976) The periaqueductal grey: Site of morphine analgesia and tolerance as shown by 2-way cross tolerance between systemic and intracerebral injections. Pain 9:85–101Havemann U, Winkler M, Kuschinsky K (1980) Opioid receptors in the caudate nucleus can mediate EMG-recorded rigidity in rats. Psychopharmacologia 45:9–20Pepper CM, Henderson G (1980) Opiates and opioid peptides hyperpolarize locus coeruleus neurons in vitro. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable.