Dickstein DP, Nelson EE, McClure EB, Grimley ME, Knopf L, Brotman MA, et al. It is useful in treating rapid-cycling bipolar disorders and has been used to treat aggressive or behavioral disorders. For example, Some consequences of the efficient metabolizing and clearance systems of young individuals are as follows: (1) peak drug levels may show higher plasma concentrations than anticipated in adults, and (2) trough levels may show lower plasma concentrations than anticipated in adults. Clinical psychopharmacology of pediatric mood stabilizer and antipsychotic treatment, part 1: challenges and developments.
This class of medications includes asenapine, risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, and clozapine. Goldstein TR, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Goldstein BI, Gill MK, Esposito-Smythers C, et al. Berk M, Dandash O, Daglas R, Cotton SM, Allott K, Fornito A, et al. As with adult patients with bipolar disorder, carbamazepine often is considered a third choice, after sodium divalproex and lithium carbonate have been tried at optimal doses for a sufficient length of time. Decreased protein kinase C (PKC) in platelets of pediatric bipolar patients: effect of treatment with mood stabilizing drugs. It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adolescents with bipolar I disorder. Commonly, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines are used to reduce these symptoms.Benzodiazepines, such as clonazepam and lorazepam, generally are avoided, but they may be temporarily useful in restoring sleep or in modulating irritability or agitation not caused by psychosis. Medications for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Common Adverse Effects and Special Concerns
Whether it's your girlfriend or your wife, this top ten…These quotes on mental health, quotes on mental illness are insightful and inspirational. Frazier TW, Demeter CA, Youngstrom EA, Calabrese JR, Stansbrey RJ, McNamara NK, et al. Lithium is a first-line treatment in adult bipolar disorder, but I often read that it is less effective in children. … It can be used as monotherapy or adjunctively with lithium or valproate. Dickerson F, Gennusa JV 3rd, Stallings C, Origoni A, Katsafanas E, Sweeney K, et al. /viewarticle/931903
Evidence suggests that lithium, unlike any other mood stabilizer, may have a specific antisuicide effect. In contrast, in classic bipolar disorder there is a clean separation of manic and depressive episodes, and a relative lack of comorbidities and mixed states. In the Unlike the long-term research, which points toward lithium across the lifespan, the results of acute manic trials diverge for children and adults. Omega-3 fatty acid monotherapy for pediatric bipolar disorder: a prospective open-label trial.
Family-focused treatment for adolescents with bipolar disorder: results of a 2-year randomized trial. Carbamazepine reduces sustained, high-frequency, repetitive neural firing. Johnston JA, Wang F, Liu J, Blond BN, Wallace A, Liu J, et al.
Dose range is 0.1 to 1.2 mg divided into 2 or 3 doses. An fMRI study of the interface between affective and cognitive neural circuitry in pediatric bipolar disorder. Abnormal corpus callosum myelination in pediatric bipolar patients. A prospective 4-year follow-up study of attention-deficit hyperactivity and related disorders. Psychosocial functioning among bipolar youth. For children younger than 10 years, the safety and efficacy has not been established. Grosso G, Pajak A, Marventano S, Castellano S, Galvano F, Bucolo C, et al. McClellan JM. Risperidone and divalproex differentially engage the fronto-striato-temporal circuitry in pediatric mania: a pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
It is a newer antipsychotic used for long-term management.
Chen CH, Lee CS, Lee MT, Ouyang WC, Chen CC, Chong MY, et al.
Further evidence of an association between adolescent bipolar disorder with smoking and substance use disorders: a controlled study.